Desvendando tramas e entrelaces do emergir da comunicação de crianças com a Síndrome Congênita do Zica vírus.

Abstract

At the end of 2015, the first cases of newborns with microcephaly related to the Zika virus appear in Pernambuco. In view of the severe form, the low brain volume and the destructive potential of the virus, experts suggest the term Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome. In this scenario, we developed the present study with the objective of analyzing forms of communication of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome, who present early microcephaly and motor deficit, as well as those who, in addition to these impairments, also present visual and hearing losses, concomitantly. In this case, the participants brought demands of different orders due to the complications that occurred in the acquisition of language and, for this, we do not have a theorist who fully explains them. In this way, we rely on the studies of Vygotsky and Wallon, each offering some clarification that helped us to better understand the communication process of these children. We brought Jan Van Dijk's approach through the coercive movement, highlighting that motor experiences can benefit the development, communication and learning of children like the ones we study. The research adopted a qualitative / quantitative, longitudinal approach, and from the point of view of the objectives it is presented as descriptive, explanatory and analytical, with technical procedures of collective case study, in which we use Bardin's content analysis, for the treatment of data. We used as instruments: semi-structured interview, communication map, behavioral observation protocol and direct observation with filming at the institution and at home, the latter being analyzed with the help of the ELAN Program. The investigation lasted eight months, in three phases, with 16 children treated at the Menina dos Olhos Rehabilitation Center - CER-IV of the Altino Ventura Foundation; diagnosed and confirmed by Zika infection, and divided into two groups: group A, consisting of children who had microcephaly and motor deficit; and group B, those who, in addition to these impairments, also had visual and hearing losses, concomitantly. The work can contribute scientifically to this theme that is in the initial phase of studies. Through the analyzes we were able to affirm that the two groups of children with Congenital Zika Virus Syndrome, presented an atypical development for the age, but that from the interactions with the mothers, family and therapists started to demonstrate their potentialities in several areas of development. The findings showed quantitative and qualitative progress in all children, in the set of assessments. Most children in group A had non-verbal communication, although a smaller number were able to communicate verbally. In Group B, we identified the biggest developments in non-verbal communication, although they were the most physically and sensorially compromised. We could see that even in the face of groups with different commitments, the forms of communication are similar among some of them. The characterization of these findings may guide the planning and multidisciplinary therapeutic approaches adopted by the professionals involved, making it possible to suggest some guidelines for parents and caregivers.