Produção de quitosana a partir de exoesqueleto de camarão (Litopenaeus vannamei) em diferentes tamanhos de partículas avaliando a atividade antibacteriana em bactérias gram positivas e gram negativas.

Abstract

A chitosan is a substance that has a great biotechnological potential. Extracted from chitin, it is found in greater quantity in the exoskeletons of crustaceans. It is considered a non-toxic, non-allergic, biodegradable, biocompatible, anti-cholesterolylemic polymer with analgesic and coagulant properties, in addition to its antimicrobial activity combating bacteria and fungi. In view of the above, this work had the objective of chitosan from the shrimp exoskeleton litopenaeus vannamei, perform a physical-chemical characterization and evaluate an antibacterial activity with the different sets of particles. As shrimp shells were sprayed onto 16, 32 and 60 layer particles of mesh particles. A yield of 54.9 g, 58.2 g, and 39.4 g, respectively, of initial weight for each 100 g piece size was extracted. With a chitin yield, an initial chitosan produced at 70%, 79.55% and 77.66%, respectively. In relation to the degree of deacetylation was observed with a layer of smaller size, that is, of 60 mesh obtained better 91.9% quality of deacetylation. It can be evidenced that the particle size also influenced the antibacterial activity of chitosan, obtaining a better result with 60 mesh particles considering 7 μg / ml for gram negative bacteria and 1,5 μg / ml for gram positive. In this way, it was concluded that there is a correlation between the size of the part and the degree of deacetylation and its antibacterial activity.