A psicanálise como terapêutica para o autismo: contribuições e polêmicas quanto à sua participação nas políticas de saúde para criança

Abstract

Autism has been the subject of a study of psychoanalysis since it was categorized by psychiatric nosology, afterwards by different frames and appointments, in psychopathological classifications crossed by different epistemological conceptions. It represents a complex group of developmental disorders that can cause cognitive, emotional and relational changes. Therefore, it does not have a single clinical presentation, nor just a causality, requiring several therapies for its detection and treatment. In Brazil, during the period of extensive debate and achievement of rights for people with autism and their families, through the institution of the National Policy for the Protection of the Rights of Persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder, in 2012, impediments to the exercise of psychoanalysis attention to this public, within the scope of health policies. In this conflictive scenario, a social movement was organized in defense of the application of multiple approaches in the work with people with autisms, the Movement Psychoanalysis, Autism and Public Health (MPASP). The objective of this qualitative research was to analyze the tension between the attempt to distance the psychoanalytic practices from the health policy scenario for children with autism and their families in Brazil and the psychoanalysts' positioning on this political act. Data were collected in bibliographies and through a semi structured interview, performed with a purposive type sample, composed by six psychoanalysts affiliated to MPASP. The discussion and the critical analysis of the interviews were carried out seeking the interpretation of the manifested and latent meanings of the collected data, surpassing the purely descriptive character of the discourse. The results indicated that the tension in the political field made it possible for Psychoanalysis to build a representative place in the construction and implementation of public health policies, through MPASP. It was also verified that the most current scenario of the insertion of Psychoanalysis in the attention to children with autism has been the one of the extended clinic. In this scenario, the presence of the analyzing situation, - proposed by Figueiredo (2011) was evidenced as the main task of the psychoanalyst toward the support of speech in the thresholds of language -, ensuring the effectiveness of psychoanalytic praxis. Therefore, it was concluded that psychoanalysis is renewed, reaching different scenarios of attention to the child with autism or the risk of child development, without losing sight of the emergence of the subject of the unconscious.