Torcedores antifascistas de futebol: táticas comunicacionais de resistência às normatizações na cultura futebolística

Abstract

The intent of this dissertation was to observe the communication tactics formulated by anti-fascist supporters - ASs -, from the city of Porto Alegre, Grêmio and Internacional supporters. The research mapped the communication actions made in the social media Instagram, as well as other forms of online communication. By this means, it was possible to perceive how the online presence it's able to complement the activism actions taken in everyday life, along with its tactics of interpersonal communication. For this approach, a transmethodological epistemology was used (MALDONADO, 2015), which the empirical was complexified through exploratory methodologies (BARDIN, 1977; BONIN, 2013; MILLS, 2009); methodological research (BONIN, 2013); along with an adaptation of participant observation methods (PERUZZO, 2003) called in this dissertation “observation-participatory-research”. From this study, it was possible to notice how the interpersonal communicational contact is irreplaceable in a goal of change of reality and/or pedagogy. For the anti-fascist tactics of the ASs, online platforms are important because they have a relevant pedagogical role - but it is essential to be physically present in the coexistence of those who can be co-opted by the praxis of neo-fascist hatred. In the specificity of sport, it’s necessary to be present at stadiums and in the various environments of the city that promote meetings of supporters. In the pedagogy proposed by the ASs, it was possible to perceive similarities to the Freirean pedagogy of the oppressed (FREIRE, 2020), which through its tactics reveals to be possible to succeed in the knowledge of generating themes that affect football fans in general - in particular those oppressed by the white norm, male, heterosexual, cisgender and aporphobic (ALMEIDA, 2020; BUTLER, 2018; FOUCAULT, 1988; CORTINA, 2020).