Petróleo e desenvolvimento em múltiplas temporalidades: Vargas, Cardoso e Lula

Abstract

The present work aims to analyze the policies for oil in times of the governments of Getúlio Vargas (1951-1954), Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-1998) and Luiz Inácio Lula da Silva (2006-2010), moments in which established milestones in the history of the sector: the creation of Petrobras (1953), the Petroleum Law (1997) and the confirmation of the discovery of the pre-salt layer (2007). The starting point, however, is the expectations created and the impacts caused by the last fact and how the past alluding to the first appears in the speeches and in taking governmental measures. Until then, the Lula government administered policies for the oil sector inherited from the government that preceded it, from Fernando Henrique Cardoso (1995-2002), in turn, changed after the publication of the Petroleum Law in 1997. This Law defined by the opening of the capital of the state-owned oil company, Petrobras, and the state monopoly of exploration and production of oil and gas by the state company was extinguished, allowing the concession of exploration blocks to the private sector, a practice maintained during part of the Lula's government and suspended after the important discovery already mentioned. In carrying out this analysis, the discussion about two concepts is considered: developmentalism and neodevelopmentism, which contributes to the investigation of possible approximations and distances between Vargas, Cardoso and Lula. Regarding the research sources, speeches and official data, memories and bibliographic review were used.