Protocolo assistencial de enfermagem de prevenção de tromboembolismo venoso em pacientes cirúrgicos

Abstract

Venous thromboembolism is accountable for a large number of hospital complications, while implicating an increased average hospital stay of patients. There are two most common conditions of venous thromboembolism: deep vein thrombosis, and pulmonary embolism, being such thromboembolisms the most common cause of preventable death in hospital patients. PURPOSE: Prepare a clinical protocol of nursing for the prevention of deep venous thromboembolism in surgical patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Exploratory study of systematic review, with search in databases as Cochrane, Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval Sistem Online, Literatura Latino-Americana e do Caribe em Ciências da Saúde e da Scientific Electronic Library Online. For the searching were used the MeSH descriptors Venous Thromboembolism, Risk Factors, Guideline, Surgical Patient, Surgery, Cardiac Surgery, and Vascular Surgery. For the systematization of the data was used the PICO-method (P-patient, I-intervention, C-comparation, O-outcomes), and, for the data analysis, the classification system of the Oxford Centre for Evidence-based Medicine/Levels of Evidence, and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation. RESULTS: Among 9,727 articles, 6,111 were selected from Cochrane, 3,535 from MEDLINE, 55 from LILACS, and 1 from SciELO. After the reading of titles and summaries, 123 articles were taken into account, 27 being selected from Cochrane, 73 from MEDLINE, 1 from SciELO, and 22 from LILACS. Having applied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 25 articles were selected for the study. CONCLUSION: The construction of this protocol will ensure quality and standardization of the assessment and nursing procedures in the systematization of venous thromboembolism. Its effectiveness will take place after its validation and implementation.