Oscilação do frete marítimo nas exportações e importações brasileiras de cargas secas conteinerizadas

Abstract

Based on the difficulty of Brazilian industries in providing a forecast of logistic costs involved in the export and import processes and being the international freight responsible for the largest share of these costs, it is necessary for the logistic managers know the reasons that make the price of ocean freight remains stable or continuously changing. This study aimed to identify the variables that contribute to the pricing of international ocean freight of Brazilian exports and imports of containerized dry cargoes. It has been conducted by an exploratory field study of east cost of United States, northern Europe and Asia with Brazil through a qualitative and quantitative research and the use of bibliographic data as well as secondary data analysis of documents. The qualitative data collection was carried out through semi-structured interviews and conducted with experts made up of managers in charge of the pricing of international ocean freight in their companies. Despite the impossibility of proceeding with systemic analysis due to lack of statistical significance in the tests, the results were taken out to the judgment of experts to delimit in fact the variables that contribute to the pricing of ocean freight. Considering the trades studied, it was noticed that the relation between supply and demand with the ocean freight are the variable that most influence the fluctuation of the freight, but other variables are simultaneously analyzed in the pricing process. Capacity of vessels, operating costs, competitors and changes in the services offered are among the variables that experts have identified as those most contribute in this process.