Solidificação/estabilização do adsorvente composto por cinza de casca de arroz e carvão ativado, contaminado com hidrocarbonetos de petróleo, em matriz de cimento Portland

Abstract

The idea of turning waste into raw material has made efforts to study them and qualify them as the full utilization of waste is an increasing need in modern industry, mainly by increasing scarcity of non-renewable natural resources and need for preservation and restoration of the environment. The residue of rice husk ash (RHA), resulting from the burning of rice husk for power generation, has been used in various industries. We highlight its application in construction and as adsorbent material. The CCA used in this work is mixed with activated carbon (AC). This mixture is from adsorption filter remediation systems of degraded with petroleum hydrocarbons. With this, the objective of this study was to evaluate the solidification / stabilization of petroleum hydrocarbons, in particular benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX), composed of adsorbent contained in CCA and CA, in Portland cement matrix. To this end, mortars were prepared with substitution of natural aggregate, by volume, of the following materials: residue, content of 10% and 30%, adsorbent CCA / CA in natura content of 30% and CA adsorbent in nature, also the content 30%. These environmentally mortars were characterized by the tests described in the Brazilian Standards. It was also analyzed the influence of substitution by determining the properties in the fresh state (temperature evolution semi-adiabatic hydration, penetration cone and setting time), mechanical properties (tensile strength in bending and compression), and characterization of the hydration products through the techniques of X-ray diffraction and infrared spectroscopy. The mortar RESIDUE 10% reached the highest temperature and shortest time between the beginning and end of the temperature due to hydration. Already 30% RESIDUE mortar, instead, showed the greatest time, which may be explained by the action of the oil present in the residue incorporated, which prevented partly the passage of water, slowing the hydration process. All mortars, for the reference, showed less consistency, cone penetration, and shorter start and end of the handle. These results corroborate that, for mortars RESIDUE 10% CCA/CA 30% CA and 30% with the temperature evolution of the semi-adiabatic temperature. The incorporation of the residue did not affect the formation of the compounds of the cement hydration, however, hydration, as the results in the evolution of semi-adiabatic temperature, was slower by replacing 30% of the natural sand residue. The results of infrared spectroscopy suggests the presence BTEX in mortars RESIDUE RESIDUE 30% and 10%. Silicates and carbonates have also been identified in all mortars. Regarding the results of mechanical strength was observed in tensile strength in bending, the difference between the highest and lowest performance among REFERENCE mortars, 10% Residue and Residue 30%, was 8.9% and 5 6% for 7 and 21 days, respectively. In the compressive strength after 7 days, the results of mortar RESIDUE RESIDUE 10% and 30% were higher than the reference. At 21 days, the REFERENCE showed the best performance, 31.7% and 52.5% higher than the mortar WASTE WASTE 30% and 10%, respectively. With the results obtained from mechanical strength, it was not possible to evaluate the performance improvement with respect to age. However, it was observed that this contributed to the contamination resistance of mortars, compared to CCA / CA 30%. Therefore, it is suggested that the presence of the contaminant as possibly contributing to adhesion between the particles of the mixture. In characterizing environmental mortars made were classified as Class II, non-hazardous waste, not inert. The analysis of the extract solubilized and leached mortar WASTE WASTE 30% and 10% failed 17 to identify the presence of petroleum hydrocarbons. These results, combined with the infrared spectroscopy, the mechanical properties and the odor of the specimens, confirm / s of the contaminant in the matrix of Portland cement. This result represents a breakthrough in the search for feasibility of employing the waste CCA/CA contaminated with petroleum hydrocarbons, directly or indirectly, for any commercial purpose.