Estimativa do stress hídrico da vegetação e análise de suas condicionantes geoambientais no Vale do Rio dos Sinos: uma aplicação de sensoriamento remoto

Abstract

The evapotranspiration includes hydrous interchanges between ground-plant-atmosphere, which is possible as a reply from a evaporative atmospheric demand. In this process, the ground is like a spring of water providing, the vegetation is an intermediate compartment, and the atmosphere is the place where an unit is liberated like vapor. The eventual scarcity of ground water is reflected in plant's physiologic process, which close its stomas to avoid getting dirty and the eventually vegetation tissue decease. Without foliage transpiration, some of the sun ´s energy is absorbed becoming heat, increasing the leaf´ s temperature. This phenomenon allows to detect the hydro stress through change of vegetation ´s temperature using AVHRR-NOAA satellite images (thermal spectrum) and its correlation with the vegetation cover (nearly visible and infrared spectrum). Between 2003 and 2005 10 hydro stress regional maps were made, which five ones were in 2005 and are entailed and validated with dates from five meteorological stations of Weather ´s Foresight Center & Climates Studies of Brazilian Space Investigation National Institute (CPTEC-INPE). Also, from the Hydrographic dos Sinos Basin 10 hydro stress maps were made relating to rain fall dates from Campo Bon Meteorological Station of Meteorology National Institute (INMET). Results show disparity on hydro stress distribution as many on regional level (Rio Grande do Sul (RS)) as on Hydrographic dos Sinos Basin, which permanent high or low levels zones of hydric stress, independent from rain fall values, and minimum and maximum hydro stress threshold, which indicate natural environment conditioning in the study area.