Gênero e colonialidade: feminicídio e masculinidades na América Latina

Abstract

About 30 years ago the modern/colonial experience of Latin America and the Caribbean region has been marked by an increase in lethal violence against females. This phenomenon is called feminicide, understood here as the murder of cis, trans and transvestite women, committed for reasons of gender, reflecting the structures of the State in Latin America in an interaction between economy, politics, gender and race. Based on this scenario, a research with a qualitative ethnographic approach is presented that analyzes femicide, articulating connections from the local to the global level, based on the experience of subjects in situations of gender violence, more specifically involving the homicide or attempted homicide of cis women, trans and transvestites for reasons of gender, in the municipality of São Leopoldo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil. The thesis characterizes femicide as a mechanism of control and terror of States inserted in the logic of the world market and unbridled capitalism. Therefore, femicide is theorized based on concepts such as modernity/coloniality, intersectionality, gender/masculinities, race/whiteness, neoliberalism and necropolitics, based on the production of intellectuals predominantly situated in the Theories of the Global South. The theoretical construct of a continuum of modern-colonial patriarchal violence is proposed, in order to conceptualize a logical scheme of connection between the cycle of violence against the female gender at an interpersonal, institutional level and the historical/global reproduction of a continuum of patriarchal violence of origin colonial that reaches its peak in the neoliberal stage, collecting systematic deaths of cis, trans and transvestite women in Latin America. Since this is a delicate and distressing research topic, implications and ethical procedures for researchers and participants are also discussed, seeking ethical and methodological procedures that value safety and minimization of harm, as well as promoting benefits to all participants. In this sense, qualitative data production techniques are used, such as participant observation, interviews, requested diaries and self-ethnography. Based on the narratives of cis and trans women with experience or in a situation of gender violence, the theme is approached from interpersonal dynamics and in relation to state services to combat violence against women. From the perspective that the modern-colonial gender system produces agents of death among colonized men, it also seeks to highlight the violent impersonality of femicide crimes that transcends the legal personality of the act and to reference contrasting masculinities in the ethnographic field. Finally, horizons are sought to confront feminicide from below, that is, from the action of community networks of solidarity between genders, with a view to the rights of all men and women, and the defense of the lives of cis, trans and transvestite women. specifically.