Propuesta de mejora del sistema de gestión de mantenimiento, aplicando la metodología del mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) para los equipos médicos custodiados por la empresa Chejampi Biomedical SAC

Abstract

El mantenimiento centrado en la confiabilidad (RCM) es una metodología muy reconocida y de uso extendido en la elaboración de planes de mantenimiento de activos, basándose en asegurar las funciones del activo para la satisfacción del usuario o propietario. Actualmente existen varias metodologías para la implementación del RCM. En ese sentido buscamos implementar la metodología RCM como sistema de gestión de mantenimiento de un determinado centro Hospitalario que sólo cuenta con los métodos tradicionales de mantenimiento (reactivo y preventivo). Las metodologías desarrolladas en esta investigación para la implementación del RCM son: Análisis de Criticidad (AC) para jerarquizar y determinar el activo crítico, Análisis de Causa Raíz (ACR) para determinar las causas de fallas del activo crítico, Análisis de Modos de Falla y Efectos (AMFE) para definir los números de prioridad de riesgo (NPR), jerarquizar las fallas del activo crítico, Análisis de Costo de Ciclo de Vida (LCC por sus siglas en inglés) para pronosticar los posibles “flujos de caja” durante la vida útil del activo critico; incluyendo costos de capital (CAPEX) y costos Operativos (OPEX) convirtiéndolos en un valor que pueda ser comparado económicamente en el tiempo (para activos con tiempo de vida diferente). Adicionalmente se ha tocado temas como: Diagrama de Análisis de Proceso (DAP) para realizar la comparación entre el sistema de mantenimiento actual y el sistema de mantenimiento propuesto, Distribución de Weibull para determinar probabilísticamente el tiempo promedio entre fallas (MTBF) y el tiempo promedio para reparar (MTTR), simulación mediante software (Minitab 18, Arena 14, Raptor 6 y Crystal Ball 2016) para determinar los principales indicadores de gestión de mantenimiento KPIs (confiabilidad, disponibilidad, mantenibilidad, MTTR y MTBF), a partir de las tasas de fallas de los activos. Como resultado de la aplicación de la metodología del RCM se espera incrementar la disponibilidad de los activos médicos así como la reducción de los costos asociados al mantenimiento de dichos activos.

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a widely recognized and widely used methodology in the development of asset maintenance plans, based on ensuring asset functions for the satisfaction of the user or owner. Currently there are several methodologies for the implementation of RCM. In this sense, we seek to implement the RCM methodology as a maintenance management system for a specific hospital that only has the traditional methods of maintenance (reactive and preventive). The methodologies developed in this research for the implementation of the RCM are: Criticality Analysis (CA) to prioritize and determine the critical asset, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to determine the causes of critical asset failures, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to define risk priority numbers (RPM), hierarchy of critical asset failures, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC) to predict possible "cash flows" during the critical asset's useful life; including capital costs (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX) converting them into a value that can be economically compared over time (for assets with different lifetimes). In addition, we have touched on topics such as: Process Analysis Diagram (DAP) to make the comparison between the current maintenance system and the proposed maintenance system, Weibull Distribution to determine probabilistically the average time between failures (MTBF) and the average time to repair (MTTR), simulation by software (Minitab 18, Arena 14, Raptor 6 and Crystal Ball 2016) to determine the main maintenance management indicators KPIs (reliability, availability, maintainability, MTTR and MTBF), from the failure rates of the assets. As a result of the application of the RCM methodology, it is expected that the availability of medical assets will be increased and the costs associated with the maintenance of these assets will be reduced.

Reliability Centered Maintenance (RCM) is a widely recognized and widely used methodology in the development of asset maintenance plans, based on ensuring asset functions for the satisfaction of the user or owner. Currently there are several methodologies for the implementation of RCM. In this sense, we seek to implement the RCM methodology as a maintenance management system for a specific hospital that only has the traditional methods of maintenance (reactive and preventive). The methodologies developed in this research for the implementation of the RCM are: Criticality Analysis (CA) to prioritize and determine the critical asset, Root Cause Analysis (RCA) to determine the causes of critical asset failures, Failure Modes and Effects Analysis (FMEA) to define risk priority numbers (RPM), hierarchy of critical asset failures, Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCC) to predict possible "cash flows" during the critical asset's useful life; including capital costs (CAPEX) and operating costs (OPEX) converting them into a value that can be economically compared over time (for assets with different lifetimes). In addition, we have touched on topics such as: Process Analysis Diagram (DAP) to make the comparison between the current maintenance system and the proposed maintenance system, Weibull Distribution to determine probabilistically the average time between failures (MTBF) and the average time to repair (MTTR), simulation by software (Minitab 18, Arena 14, Raptor 6 and Crystal Ball 2016) to determine the main maintenance management indicators KPIs (reliability, availability, maintainability, MTTR and MTBF), from the failure rates of the assets. As a result of the application of the RCM methodology, it is expected that the availability of medical assets will be increased and the costs associated with the maintenance of these assets will be reduced.