The present work proposes to analyze how the State justice judged crimes that women were involved as defendants and as victims, inserted in the perspective of the History of Crime and Justice and History of Women. The local for study will be the rural communities formed by German and Italian immigrants in Rio Grande do Sul, in the decades of the First Republic. Based on the analysis of the first Republican Penal Code, we understand it necessary to think about the action of justice in rural areas, in view of the republican disciplinary project. This project was concerned with the development and control of the population, especially women whose role as wife and mother was a key part of this new order. For this, 108 cases were consulted, and 19 cases were analyzed in which women are listed as victims and defendants of the District of São Sebastião do Caí / RS, found in the Public Archive of the State of Rio Grande do Sul, located in Porto Alegre / RS. In that Archive, there is a large part of the documentation from the judiciary of Rio Grande do Sul. Analyzing the cases, we concluded that, in rural immigrant regions, there were different uses of justice, depending on the nature of the crime and the network of relationships of those involved.
