Mapeamento de risco a escorregamento de encostas na cidade de Escada- PE.

Abstract

Historical problems that revolve around urban and population development and growth have led to unbalanced use and occupation of the environment, leading to significant losses, especially in vulnerable areas. The municipality of Escada, located in the southern forest of the state of Pernambuco, with an area of 342,201 km² and a population of 68,448 inhabitants (IBGE, 2010), the city is geologically speaking in the province of Borborema, where two geomorphological units are well located. Distinct areas are identified: a flood plain corresponding to almost 30% of the area, and hills that make up more than 70% of the total area, such hill areas have a high population density. The central neighborhoods built on hills, in a disorderly way, where the absence of planning considering the peculiarities of the environment, the lack of infrastructure and a lagged environmental education policy leads the city to huge challenges especially in rainy periods, which have a significant impact. severely negative the lives of those who live in those areas at risk of slipping. The purpose of this dissertation is to elaborate a risk map for landslide with disordered occupation of 5 (five) slopes present in the urban region of Escada, from the study of the physical and environmental characteristics of the municipality; providing technical support to city managers, allowing to know and consider the risks of these occupations in urban planning. For a more in-depth analysis of the chosen areas, soil samples were collected for laboratory characterization tests. The risk potential assessment was based on the methodology proposed by Gusmão Filho et. al. (1992); together with the use of ArcGIS software for map modeling. The risk assessment showed that 0.69% of the study area had a low risk, 93.35% of the medium risk slopes and 5.96% of the entire assessed area had a high risk. During the risk assessment, it was found that the predominant risk factor is environmental (P3) strongly induced by topographic (P1) and geological (P2) factors.