A Cinesiofobia e sua relação com as lesões esportivas e com a autoeficácia em atletas de alto rendimento.

Abstract

Introduction: High-performance sport (RAS) is defined as a strenuous and prolonged physical activity, in which athletes, in general, face numerous stressful circumstances to improve their performance, from technical, tactical, physical, social and emotional dimensions. Kinesiophobia consists of a debilitating and excessive fear of performing movements and sports activities, to prevent relapses or a new injury. Self-efficacy, in turn, refers to a person's beliefs about their ability to organize and perform required actions in order to achieve certain levels of performance. Objective: The objective of this thesis was to analyze the relationship between kinesiophobia and sports injuries and the perception of self-efficacy of high-performance athletes, and based on the assumption that the limitation of the performance of an injured athlete caused by pain is a stressor which affects your performance. Methods: The study had a quantitative, observational, descriptive-analytical and cross-sectional design. For data collection, a socioclinic questionnaire was developed by the leading researcher containing data such as: name, age, sex, sports modality, practice time and position in the team; The instruments used were: the Tampa Scale for Kinesiophobia (TSK), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Symptom Questionnaire (QNSO) and the Perceived General Self Efficacy Scale (EAGP). Results: The study population was composed of 105 athletes, with 75.2% (n = 79) males and 24.8% (n = 26) females. The mean age of the participants was 25.16 ± 5.32 years and the mean time of athletic practice per athlete was 10.34 ± 5.99 years. The most prevalent sporting modality was football (33.3%, n = 35) and the predominant musculoskeletal symptoms were in the knee region (55.2%, n = 58), followed by the lumbar region (49.5%, n = 52). American football was the modality in which most musculoskeletal symptoms were reported in all the regions evaluated and, therefore, they have the highest concentration of pain. In addition, a percentage of 39.05% (n = 41) from the sample presented high kinesiophobia, while 41% (n = 43) presented high self-efficacy. There was a relationship between TSK and QNSO, from which there were statistically significant differences in the appearance of symptoms during the last seven days. The individuals with low kinesiophobia were the same ones who presented high self-efficacy, while the athletes who had muscle injury presented kinesiophobia. Last Considerations: In this research, the risk of kinesiophobia, directly proportional to the incidence of low self-efficacy, has been shown to be a hindrance to the ability of a professional athlete to perform the required actions at high performance levels. This condition influences how to act and how to deal with and overcome challenging situations more safely.