Produção simultânea de biossurfactantes e pigmentos por Penicillium sclerotiorum (UCP 1361) a partir de resíduos da agroindústria.

Abstract

Microorganisms have a high potential in the production of several essential metabolites for various industrial sectors. Among these metabolites are the pigments and biosurfactants that are important molecules used in the food, textile, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. In this context, this study was carried out to identify the species of Penicillium sp. Isolated from the soil of the caatinga of Pernambuco, besides producing, isolating and characterizing the pigment and biosurfactant produced. Penicillium sp. isolated were identified by morphological and molecular analyzes (PCR), while pigment and biosurfactant production was performed using medium containing different concentrations of whey and barley according to the Delineation central composite (CCD) 22. Pigment extraction was performed from biomass, purification by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and column chromatography, pigment was preliminarily identified by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). While the biosurfactant was extracted from the metabolic liquid and proved the extracellular production by the surface tension. The results obtained from the classic identification for Aspergilloides indicate that the fungus belongs to the genus and species Penicillium sclerotiorum. This fungus was able to produce high yield of biomass (15.4g/L) and pink pigment (2.23 g/L) in the medium consisting of 8% whey and 6% barley in condition four of the planning. In this medium, the data showed high carbon content (42.56%) and nitrogen (6.28%), resulting in a C / N ratio of 15: 1. The pigment had a pink band with a value of Rf = 0.961, retention time of 2.828 at 247 nm and inhibitory activity for gram-negative bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Klebsiella pneumoniae) and Candida glabrata yeast. Still, the maximum biosurfactant production occurred in the medium consisting of 4% whey and 2% barley with a reduction in surface tension from 70 to 27 mN/m. Emulsion index of 68% using engine burned oil, dispersion index of 33.15 cm2 and reduced viscosity from 279.6 to 48.5 cP. Penicillium sclerotiorum demonstrated the ability to produce pigment and biosurfactants from an economic environment consisting of whey and barley, thus presenting a viable alternative for the substitution of synthetic dyes and chemical surfactants meeting the essential requirements for sustainability.