O atendimento da saúde pública para mulheres haitianas: trajetórias migratórias e experiências reprodutivas em Cascavel/PR

Abstract

The intensification of the transit of people between different countries has generated different reactions in the political and administrative sphere of the destination countries of immigrants. A challenging issue is the guarantee of basic rights to immigrants, especially the right to health. This thesis proposes to analyze how health care practices aimed at Haitian women in Brazil are configured, in particular, those oriented to pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium, from the perspective of users and health workers, and to what extent maternity experiences in the diaspora are encompassed. Through the qualitative approach, based on the narratives of the subjects who experience them, the research sought to reflect on how the Unified Health System (SUS) is responding to the new demands incorporated by this group of users, particularly in relation to the assistance provided to Haitian women during pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. In relation, the study analyzed how markers of national, racial and gender origin are articulated to understand both the care provided, as to the experience of Haitian women from maternity in the diaspora. Regarding health care aimed at the Haitian women, the reproduction of gender and racial inequalities, having as main difficulties the communication, which is still a barrier to be transposed in services, and cultural and socioeconomic characteristics, which can influence health care. It is perceived that, to some extent, the services are unprepared to provide equitable and comprehensive care to haitian migrants, and that, since the beginning of the migration process of Haitians to Cascavel, there have been no significant advances in the implementation of actions that contribute to the improvement of care, as well as welcome initiatives, equity and effectiveness in health care practices. In the perspective of Haitian women, the trajectories and experiences of care during pregnancy, delivery and puerperium were satisfactory to a large extent, however, the reports shows that the quality of care is questionable, since, with the difficulty in communication, the quality of information is impaired, and there is no clarity in the effectiveness of the information. The reports also address that their experiences were marked by racial violence, discriminatory practices and gender violence. It is observed the need to work interculturally with professionals who provide assistance to this population, since there are still situations of tensions permeated by cultural difference.