Estados Plurinacionais na América Latina: cenários para o republicanismo na contemporaneidade

Abstract

The political experiences of some Latin American countries, such as Equator and Bolivia, have brought innovations to modern political thought, with exponents in Latin American constitutionalism and the Plurinational State, whose principles theoretically converge with the theory of republicanism and can resignify it, this approach is the purpose of this Thesis. Republicanism presents itself as an idea of the common good and its prominence over private interests, represented in the Roman, Renaissance, English, French and American matrices and, nowadays, with neorepublicanism, which debates the republic from the concept of freedom. On the other hand, in Latin America, decolonization movements occurred, insurgent to the colonialist characteristics of the state, and promoted a decolonial turn with Latin American constitutionalism and the Plurinational State, in the exponents of the Constitutions of Equator and Bolivia. Considering the Latin American political experiences and the incorporation of interculturality, plurality and pluralism as new constitutional principles, the problem to be answered is: to what extent do the principles of the Plurinational State, embodied by Latin American constitutionalism, contribute to the debate of republicanism in contemporary times? As a hypothesis, we have that the principle bases of the Plurinational State contribute to the resignification of republicanism in contemporary times by confronting the colonialist characteristics, still present in the Region, and by improving republican thinking from the Latin American perspective. The innovations that characterize the theory of the Plurinational State are different, but not in conflict with the theory of republicanism, because they have rethought the state from the South and from their own life forms and the worldviews of Sumak Kawsay (Equator) and Suma Qamaña (Bolivia), which today permeates across the Plurinational Constitutions. It is assumed that regional experiences, identified in Latin American constitutionalism, can be considered as republican and, consequently, can dialogue with traditional matrices, be enriched by these experiences and enrich later ones. The research strategy is explanatory and propositional; the nature of the approach is qualitative and the method used was deductive.