Impacto de parâmetros térmicos e lumínicos sobre o consumo energético de edificações: estudo de caso em projeto típico de habitação de interesse social unifamiliar

Abstract

The characteristics of the building directly affect the heat exchanges between the indoor and outdoor environments, as well as the amount of natural light inside the building. The envelope openings, especially the windows, play a key role in the exploitation of solar energy for greater efficiency and lower energy consumption. Therefore, the objective of this work is to evaluate the relationship between the parameters of thermal performance and light performance and its influence on the energy consumption of the buildings. As a case study, a social housing for single-family within Brazilian standards was used. In order to cover the climatic differences of the national territory, the climates studied are those of Porto Alegre, Campo Grande and Belém do Pará, cities placed on Southern, Center and Northern of Brazil. The simulations parameters are Solar Orientation and Window-to-Wall Ratio. The size of the openings varied at rates of 15% between 15% and 75% and the solar orientation varied to the four cardinal points. The simulations were performed in the EnergyPlus, and the metrics analyzed are the average energy consumption for heating, cooling and lighting of the building. From the simulations, performance and energy consumption data were obtained. The analyzes correspond to the effect of design parameters on energy use, and a parallel is made on the thermal comfort and natural lighting inside the building. For the city of Porto Alegre, it was verified that, on average, 67% of the energy consumed is destined for the cooling of the building, while 20% corresponds to the heating, and 13% for artificial lighting. In Campo Grande, the average consumption with cooling is 88%, while heating corresponds to only 2%, and lighting, 10%. In Belém do Pará there was no need for heating, so 93% of the energy consumed is destined for cooling. The remaining 7% is used for artificial lighting. The study indicates the differences of results between the studied locations and can provide elements of differentiation for architectural projects according to the place of implantation.