Crítica hermenêutica do direito processual civil: uma exploração filosófica do direito processual civil brasileiro em tempos de (crise do) protagonismo judicial

Abstract

The present work seeks to carry out a philosophical undertaking, based on phenomenological premises, in order to draw the attention of the legal community to the serious hermeneutic deficit that permeates Brazilian Civil Procedure Law in times of crisis of judicial protagonism, where each magistrate decides accordingly with your conscience. It promotes, thus, the lottery justice, multiplying the uncertainties and weakening the Law. The fundamentals of the Critical Hermeneutics of Law are presented as the basic theory for the formulation of a critical contribution to the procedural phenomenon. The problems caused by the various forms of positivismo are exposed to the overcoming of metaphysics (classical and modern), based on the subject-object relationship, for the formatting of a Hermeneutical Civil Procedural Law, that allows the right answer to be obtained (most appropriate to the Constitution), from the respect to the limits imposed by the language, the intersubjectivity and the integrity and coherence in the Law, in order to shield the hermeneutist's understanding of discretion, subjectivism and judicial solipsism. By exercising the principles important role of interpretative closure, by being deontological and co-originating with the rules, it was possible to (re)think some of the most important principles of civil process, from the Civil Process Code 2015. Also, unveiling the true scope of the republican duty of well-founded judicial decisions (accountability), to combat common theoretical and the principle (panacea) of proportionality, to denounce the risk of technocratic processualism in the bet on purely quantitative efficiencies, to demonstrate that the creation of a (pseudo)system of judicial precedents will never dispense with the function of hermeneutics for the understanding of Law, to criticize anticipated conciliation and mediation practices sponsored by the Judiciary, to demonstrate the inevitability of overcoming subjectivist and objectivist procedural schools, and the necessity of constructing a new paradigma – the Hermeneutic Critique of Civil Procedural Law – as a philosophical locus to guarantee the predictability and stability of judicial decisions in search of the effectiveness of (and in) the process.