Avaliação ambiental e econômica do processo de limpeza para a reciclagem do cavaco metálico contaminado com fluído de corte

Abstract

Population growth and its dependence on material goods have increased the demand for the development of new technologies that do not use mostly non-renewable natural resources. The production processes generate waste and these must be arranged in appropriate landfills, targeting the linear production flow. However, the search for sustainable processes and reducing waste disposal costs has been taken the entrepreneurs to adopt clean technologies favoring the reuse and recycling of waste. Another approach is its use as an alternative source to increase eco-efficiency and as a larger object, the eco-effectiveness, or reduce the impacts, increasing economic and environmental efficiency and thus contribute to the sustainability. This research aimed to evaluate environmental and economic cleaning processes and recycling of metal chips contaminated with cutting fluid. For this generation firms were identified this type of waste in the metropolitan region of Porto Alegre licensed by FEPAM and municipal environmental agencies through a questionnaire. Then began an exploratory survey of the identified firms, which held study tour in eight firms. From the firms visited were identified and mapped 16 routes whose route is between generator of chip and Environmental Service Providers. Based on the results obtained were raised environmental aspects and impacts of machining processes, separation, storage and transportation of metallic chips through a spreadsheet evaluation of environmental aspects and impacts. The results have identified that the most significant adverse impacts come from the consumption of inputs and raw materials and the waste transport to the ESP. From the measurement of CO2 equivalent emissions. Transport can be seen that it is possible to reduce 48% of the emissions in one year only changing the route and collecting the ESP material. Regarding the economic assessment carried out by calculation of Net Present Value and Payback, it was concluded that the investment for chip cleaning becomes feasible for firms with large generation of this waste. In case of little generation would be more feasible to sell them for an ESP that would make cleaning along with the chips collected from other companies, increasing the amount to be clean.