Política e filosofia no pensamento político de Hannah Arendt: aproximações críticas desde a memória dos acontecimentos políticos

Abstract

The study of this thesis focuses on the thoughts of Hannah Arendt. The investigation course analyses two big theoretical movements made by the Jewish philosopher: the vita activa and the vita contemplativa. The vita activa has been present since essays like Totalitarianism origins (1951) and The human condition (1958); the vita contemplativa since essays like Eichmann in Jerusalem: a report about evil banality (1963), continued in The spirit life (1972-5). Both theoretical movements highlight the relation between politics and philosophy. The politics away from the philosophy remains exposed to the barbarism, meanwhile the philosophy without the politics may become empty, focused only in conceptual precision and, mainly, away from human business. Our thesis shows that the problem that guides the meeting between politics and philosophy in Arendt’s thought does not occur despite the political events of the 20th century. The totalitarianism is her issue, being approached in both theoretical movements made by Arendt, either as a political system in general or as an administrative machine oriented to the improvement of techniques in the killing art. Our hypotheses features that the theoretical journey of Arendt is delineated by the memory of this problem, making possible for the researcher a deep comprehension regarding the events and, so, to emphasize the critic to the politics from a philosophical contribution, highlighting the horizons and limits of the human action. In this theoretical frame, politics and philosophy are coexistent and interconnected to the reality, to the human being, to the world. The references in this reading sustains the thesis, featuring that Arendt’s thought is built based on the comprehension method and on the critic to the political model that denies the human plurality and puts into the spotlight the need to guarantee public space and love to the world, considering the recovery of the achievement meaning of the politics and of the human being.