Boas práticas voltadas à gestão ambiental, da qualidade e da segurança para obras de empresas construtoras de micro porte

Abstract

The construction industry is responsible for a significant share of environmental impacts taking place nowadays, and account for a high number of accidents in the worksites. One of the main challenges of the construction sector lies on the high rate of losses, which includes waste and residues. In addition to that, the tampering of the ecosystem, the discomfort caused to the neighboring areas – visual, noise and air (dust) pollution – and the substantial depletion of natural resources are also considered environmental impacts attributed to construction. Nevertheless, the construction industry has gone through several changes in recent years regarding the environmentally-suited quality of products and safety of labor workers. An expressive number of laws, regulations and certification programs guideline these issues through a set of criteria and procedures that have come into effect lately. Due to the fact that large companies feature more well-structured management systems and better organized construction sites, they seem to have greater flexibility on implementing these standards. However, one of the peculiarities of the civil construction sector is the concentration of micro and small enterprises that rely on a small number of professionals, especially in the technical team, thus making it difficult to meet the requirements of such extensive and high-investment programs. In this context, this paper aims to propose a set of practices concerning environmental management, quality and safety directed to small construction works, through a case study conducted during the production phase in a residential construction work carried out by a small family-owned company. In the first stage, the main impacts generated by each construction phase in terms of quality, safety and the environment were identified. The second stage of the research consisted of relating the management systems regulation principles in order to reduce identified impacts (NBR ISO 9001: 2008, NBR ISO 18801: 2010 and NR-18, ISO 14001: 2004). And in the third stage, we designed a set of good practices to be implemented by micro firms without certification goals. Good practices proposals comprehend organization of job site construction and documents, drafting of procedures and parameters of security control, as well as individual and collective safety items.