Do colonialismo à contemporaneidade: a gênese da exclusão indígena e seus reflexos na (in)eficácia das políticas públicas de saúde específicas para povos indígenas no Brasil

Abstract

The present dissertation intends to rescue the philosophical debates promoted to the time of America's conquest about the legitimacy of new lands taking and the submission of indigenous peoples to servitude. This rescue becomes necessary in that the State and the society have maintained in their structures traits of colonial conduct, through the demerit of indigenous cultures. For a long time, the policies proposed by Brazilian State retained an integrationist character leading indigenous to abandon their culture, to be assimilated into “white society”. Thus, the struggle for the preservation of indigenous culture trespass the limits of temporal colonization / conquest, reach the frontiers of contemporaneity, reflecting the constant demerit given to the preservation of indigenous identity. However, from the 1998 Constitution, establishes itself in the country the recognition of pluralism, juridical and cultural, which implies acceptance of cultural differences of this population, and with it the need to implement appropriate public policies, preventing assimilation by exclusion. Thus, considering the necessity of promoting multiculturalism in society, the particularities of indigenous peoples should be considered in the elaboration of public policies, as well as in the maintenance of health subsystem. By respecting differences, you can reframe the concept of citizenship, unlinking the meaning of binomial citizen / nation-State, in order to allow the construction of a differentiated citizenship to indigenous peoples, thus justifying the formulation of public policies that respect and consider the particularities of these communities.