A influência da variabilidade da geração do lodo de estação de tratamento de água nas propriedades da cerâmica vermelha

Abstract

The water treatment plants (WTP) are considered point sources of pollution, for generating solid waste as a byproduct of the treatment process itself. For lack of adoption of specific management policies by WTP, the WTS has been disposed of improperly in environmentally watercourses. A viable alternative would be to use this WTS in the manufacture of red ceramic intended for construction, so this work aims to evaluate the influence of the chemical composition of the WTS, as amended by the water quality be treated in the properties of red pottery produced with this residue. To reach the proposed aim we used three samples of WTS, collected in August 2013, December 2013 and March 2014 and a sample of clay, which was sampled in a Pottery located in Porto Alegre - RS. The methodology divided into collecting and characterization of raw materials, production of 4 ceramics and characterization of different chemical, physical and mechanical properties of ceramics. The WTS was pressed with addition of lime for the removal of excess water and characterized by means of tests solids, fixed and volatile, XRF, XRD, solubilization and leaching. In clay, the WTS go been employed in addition of 5% relative to the total mass, and then homogenized for carrying out the extrusion of test specimens. The specimens were sintered in a muffle furnace at temperatures of 800°C, 950°C and 1050°C. The ceramics were characterized for chemical and mineralogical composition, loss on ignition and environmental characterization. We analyzed the linear shrinkage, water absorption and flexural strength of the ceramics. The chemical composition of WTS significantly affecting the properties of the ceramic sintered on 950ᵒC and 1050ᵒC, being the most affected absorption property was on 950ᵒC the initial water absorption, yielding an increase of 61% in the specimens CPB and 12 % CPD in the samples in relation to the reference ceramic. On the temperature 1050ºC, presented low water absorption. In the ceramics sintered at 800 ° C the physical and mechanical properties were not change significantly by the addition of sludge, being feasible the addition of WTS in this temperature.